| Introduction To Building Materials

16:14 |

Building Made By Concrete

Concrete or a bonding device, was used ever since the Romans invented it in the 300s BC. Concrete was and is still used everywhere in arches, buildings and roads. In Rome, for example, the Romans created the pantheon made of concrete.

It's CITIC Plaza in Guangzhou, its structural height is 391 m (1,283 ft) 80 stories including two tall antenna-like spires on the top. Completed in 1997, it is the tallest concrete building in the world.

Thing is, high buildings are generally built from a 'plan libre' - the façade is rarely load bearing. Concrete is a rather expensive (and sort of unlogical) material to make a non-load-bearing façade with. But it has been in fashion for a while to work with concrete panels.

Water Tower Place in Chicago. The world's tallest concrete tower when it was built in 1973.

This one is some communist concrete supertall!
The Ryugyong hotel is 330m tall and has 105 floors. Located in Pyongyang, capital of North Korea.
Construction started in 1987 bu stopped in 1992.

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15:58 |

Test Of Concrete

This video show how the compression machine compress the concrete cylinder .

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15:33 |

Components of a Basic Concrete Mix

There are three basic ingredients in the concrete mix:

Portland Cement
Water
Aggregates (rock and sand)

Portland Cement - The cement and water form a paste that coats the aggregate and sand in the mix. The paste hardens and binds the aggregates and sand together. Portland cement (often referred to as OPC, from Ordinary Portland Cement) is the most common type of cement in general use around the world because it is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco and most non-specialty grout. It is a fine powder produced by grinding Portland cement clinker (more than 90%), a limited amount of calcium sulfate (which controls the set time) and up to 5% minor constituents as allowed by various standards such as theEuropean Standard EN197-1:

Portland cement clinker is a hydraulic material which shall consist of at least two-thirds by mass of calcium silicates (3 CaO·SiO₂ and 2 CaO·SiO₂), the remainder consisting of aluminium- and iron-containing clinker phases and other compounds. The ratio of CaO to SiO₂ shall not be less than 2.0. The magnesium oxide content (MgO) shall not exceed 5.0% by mass.

Water- Water is needed to chemically react with the cement (hydration) and too provide workability with the concrete. The amount of water in the mix in pounds compared with the amount of cement is called the water/cement ratio. The lower the w/c ratio, the stronger the concrete. ( higher strength, less permeability)

Aggregates- is a broad category of coarse particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates. Aggregates are the most mined material in the world. Aggregates are a component of composite materials such as concrete and asphalt concrete; the aggregate serves as reinforcement to add strength to the overall composite material. Due to the relatively high hydraulic conductivity value as compared to most soils, aggregates are widely used in drainage applications such as foundation and French drains, septic drain fields, retaining wall drains, and road side edge drains.

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Brick- Types of brick

13:45 | Labels: brick

Brick selection is among the most important decisions you will make when customizing your home's appearance. Brick is, after all, the visual foundation of your home, often making up three-quarters or more of the exterior walls.

	Extruded The crisp, angular edges of extruded brick are produced as a result of the manufacturing process in which material is forced through a die under high pressure, forming a stiff column of material.

	Molded The soft irregular edges of molded brick are produced in a manufacturing process in which material is dropped into a mold box, vibrated and then released. Molded brick usually have sand finish textures.

	Handmade Glen-Gery Authentic Handmade brick is a perfect example of old-world craftsmanship. Each brick is individually formed and placed in a wooden mold to create a wonderfully textured brick.

	Papercut Papercut brick is manufactured by placing a sheet of kraft paper on top of an extruded column of material prior to cutting into individual units.
	Tumbled The appeal of this "used brick" look comes from the quaint and charming irregularity evident not only in the surface teture, but also in the variation seen when laid up in a wall.

	Thin Brick Thin Brick veneer looks like a conventional brick masonry wall, yet weighs considerably less.

	Glazed Glen-Gery's glazed brick meets the highest standards of uniformity, quality and durability, and is available in a variety of beautiful shades, pure colors and speckled surfaces. The use of glazed brick is typically reserved for commercial construction.

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Properties of Hardened Concrete

13:30 |

Properties of Hardened Concrete

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Brick- Art design

11:18 | Labels: brick

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Brick- Types of bond

09:49 | Labels: brick

Stretcher bond

The simplest to lay, and therefore the most common, the bricks are laid flat long side to the face of the wall.

TQ5941 : Stretcher Bond Wall of Colebrook Changing Rooms by Oast House Archive

Header bond

Using only the header (end) of the brick as the facing wall. This is particularly strong as the width of the wall is the whole length of a brick.

TQ8209 : Header Bond in Old Town by Oast House Archive

Flemish bond

SU4548 : Manor Farm, Whitchurch by Graham Horn

Bricks are laid flat one long side face and another to header end face. Also known as Dutch bond.

TQ5615 : Flemish Bond by Oast House Archive

Variants have the header bricks at every third or fourth brick.

English bond

One course in stretcher bond, and one course in header bond.

English Garden Wall bond

Three courses of stretchers to one of headers.

SE2424 : Section of brick wall, English garden wall bond, East Bath Street, Batley by Tom Jolliffe

Flemish Stretcher bond

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One course of flemish to three stretchers courses. Also called Garden wall bond but despite the name, most garden walls are built in flemish or stretcher bond.

SO7844 : Flemish Stretcher Bond by Bob Embleton

Flemish variation bond

Scottish bond

One header course to five stretcher courses.

TL1683 : Chevron Wall, Annesley Close by Michael Trolove

Rat-trap bond

Headers and stretchers laid on edge. Usually used for garden walls. Laid on edge as a money saving method, but not particularly strong compared with a conventional flat laid brick. Also known as Chinese bond.